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CELIAC DISEASE
ABSTRACT -
Celiac Disease or Coeliac Disease is also known as Celiac Sprue or Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy. It is a chronic disorder affecting the small intestine. It is an immune reaction caused due to eating food containing gluten like wheat, barley etc. Over a period of time, this reaction damages the villi lining of small intestine and stops it from absorbing nutrients.
CAUSES –
- Glutenins and gliadins found in crops of the tribe Triticeae and Aveneae
- Genetics
- Gastrointestinal infections
- Infant feeding practices
- Pregnancy and child birth
- Surgery
- Stress
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Gastrointestinal symptoms:- Steatorrhoea
- Weight loss
- Constipation
- Bloating and gas
- Abdominal pain and cramps
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Mouth ulcers
- Anemia
- Osteoporosis or osteomalacia
- Abnormal coagulation
- Selenium deficiency
- Copper and Zinc deficiency
- Headache and fatigue
- Effect on nervous system like balancing problem, cognitive impairment etc.
- Joint pain
- Growth failure or puberty delay
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- Hyposplenism
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency
- Pregnancy complications
- Abnormal liver function
DIAGNOSIS –
- Blood test
- Endoscopy
- Pathology
- Gluten withdrawal
- Other diagnostic tests like essential mineral and vitamin deficiency test, thyroid test etc.
- Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry
TREATMENT –
- Gluten free diet
- Steroids or immunosuppressants for refractory disease
RISK FACTORS –
- Genetics
- Surgery
- Stress
- Gut infection
- Pregnancy
- Other medical conditions like Diabetes, Down Syndrome, Addison’s disease etc
- Feeding food containing gluten to infants after 6 months of age
COMPLICATIONS –
If this condition is not treated, it may cause:- Infertility and miscarriage
- Malnutrition
- Bone weakening
- Cancer
- Nervous system problems
- Lactose intolerance
- Microscopic Colitis
- Bacteria in small intestine
- Refractory Celiac Disease
- Difficulty in digesting sugar found in food items like honey and fruits
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- Dysfunctional pancreas
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
- Approximately 1 in 100 people suffer from this disease worldwide.
- Indian and western culture have a high risk of Celiac disease than African, Japanese and Chinese culture.
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