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HEMOPHILIA
ABSTRACT -
Hemophilia affects blood clotting proteins due to which blood doesn’t clot properly. Lower amount of clotting factor VIII or IX is responsible for hemophilia. These patients bleed for longer after an injury than normal. Internal bleeding also might start which becomes life threatening if it happens in vital organ such as brain. Knees, ankles and elbows are more prone to bleeding. Hemophilia mostly affects males and females can be the carrier of this disease.
CAUSES -
- Inherited disorder
- Insufficient blood clotting
- Formation of antibody to clotting factors(Autoimmune condition)
- Spontaneous mutation of genes
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
- Excessive bleeding after any cut or an injury
- Easy bruising
- Prolonged and continuous bleeding even after getting ceased
- Internal bleeding
- Blood in urine or stool
- Nose bleeding
- Bleeding, swelling and pain in joints like knees, elbows
TREATMENT –
- Replacement of clotting factors through injection or intravenously
- Desmopressin (DDAVP) hormone
- Medications such as anti-fibrinolytics
- Vaccinations
- Fibrin sealants to apply on wounds
- Surgery
RISK FACTORS –
- Family history of this condition
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
- 1 to 3 individuals per million of the population gets affected from this disease worldwide.
- Incidence of Hemophilia A is 1 in 5000 males and Hemophilia B is 1 in 30,000 males.
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