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NOROVIRUS INFECTION
ABSTRACT -
Norovirus Infection is a condition in which a person suddenly suffers from severe vomiting and diarrhea. It is otherwise known as winter vomiting bugs, but can also happen at any time in a year. This infection mostly occurs in crowded environment such as hospitals, schools, child care centers etc. It is highly contagious and can be easily transmitted from one person to another through close contact of hands and mouth.
CAUSES -
- Consumption of contaminated food or water
- In contact with infected person
- Readymade food prepared by infected person or in contaminated environment
- Holding contaminated surface or item with bare hands or mouth
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
- Nausea and severe vomiting
- Abdominal cramps and pain
- Body pain
- Diarrhea (Watery and loose)
- Mild fever and chills
COMPLICATIONS –
- Fatigue
- Dehydration which results in constipation
- Reduced urination
- Lethargy
- Unconsciousness
- Malnutrition
DIAGNOSIS –
- Physical Examination
- Stool Test
TREATMENT –
- Prescribed and OTC medications
- Fluid intake for balancing hydration
RISK FACTORS –
- Weakened immunity
- Unhygienic and unclean surroundings
- Unwashed hands while preparing the food
PREVENTION –
- Wash hands before and after the meals
- Use clean surface for cooking
- Avoid contact with infected person
- Be careful about consuming food during travelling
- Maintain hygiene and cook with clean hands
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
- Norovirus is the cause for about 90% of the non-bacterial cases of gastroenteritis.
- Estimation has shown that around 685 million people gets affected with gastroenteritis every year globally and the major reason is Norovirus. Nearly 50,000 cases are of children below 5 years of age.
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