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Urinary Tract Infection
ABSTRACT -
Urinary system consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. When there is infection in any of these parts, it is known as UTI (Urinary Tract Infection). Infection usually occurs in the lower urinary tract i.e. the bladder and urethra which causes severe pain and irritation. The situation becomes worse when the infection spreads to the kidneys.
CAUSES -
- Bacterial infection
- Infection in bladder known as cystitis
- Infection in urethra known as urethritis
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
- Continuous urge to urinate
- Burning sensation during urination
- Pelvic pain
- Strong and stinking urine
- Blood in urine
- Frequent and cloudy urination
COMPLICATIONS –
- Recurring infections
- Permanent kidney damage
- Urethral contraction
- Sepsis development
- Risk in pregnant women
DIAGNOSIS –
- Urine test
- Imaging test like MRI,CT Scan of the urinary tract
- Cystoscopy
TREATMENT –
- Antibiotics
- Vaginal Estrogen Therapy after menopause
RISK FACTORS –
- Lowered immunity
- Urinary tract abnormalities
- Multiple partners and birth control methods
- Menopause
- Blockage in urinary tract
- Catheter to pass urine
PREVENTION –
- Stay hydrated and consume plenty of fluids
- Maintain hygiene and cleanliness in the genital areas
- Avoid any kind of feminine products in the genital area
- Empty the bladder immediately after sexual intercourse
- Consume cranberry juice
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
- Estimation shows that the prevalence rate for UTI is 0.7% worldwide and the main reasons are age, history of UTI, sexual activity and diabetes.
- Females are at greater risk of developing a UTI than males.
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