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PHOBIAS
ABSTRACT -
Phobias is an anxiety disorder that results in extreme aversion and unreasonable fear of situations or objects. Phobias are mental disorders that leads to stressful panic attacks and prevents a person to function normally.
Types-- Specific Phobia
- Social Phobia
- Agoraphobia
There are various categories of phobias but the most commonly observed are:
- Claustrophobia: Fear of being in limited, confined spaces
- Aerophobia: Fear of flying
- Zoophobia: Fear of animals
- Aquaphobia: Fear of water
- Acrophobia: Fear of heights
- Blood, Injury and Injection (BII) Phobia: Fear of injuries involving blood
CAUSES -
- Alteration in brain functioning
- Genetics and environmental factors
- Negative experiences hampering the brain
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
- Chest pain
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Sweating
- Abnormal breathing
- Fat heartbeats
- Giddiness
- Hot or cold sensations in body
- Confusion and disorientation
- Wheezing
- Headache
COMPLICATIONS –
- Multiple mood Swings
- Suicidal thoughts
- Excessive stress
- Social isolation
DIAGNOSIS –
There is no specific diagnostic test to detect a phobia, but it can be done by interviewing the person based on guidelines mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
TREATMENT –
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Exposure Therapy
- Medications such as Beta blockers, Antidepressants and Sedatives
RISK FACTORS –
- Traumatic life experiences
- Ageing
- Irritated personality
- Hereditary factors
PREVENTIONS –
- Dealing with own fears
- Proper sleep and meditation
- Yoga and relaxation exercises
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
- The prevalence of phobias is 8% of the total population globally.
- The condition is most common in women and men older than 25 years.
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