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Gallstones
ABSTRACT -
Gallstones are the small stones, hardened deposits of digestive fluid which gets produced in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. It can be one or many in number. People suffering from gallstones usually go for gallbladder removal.
Types –- Cholesterol Stones- Appears yellow in color, accounts for almost 80% of the gallstones. These are composed of undissolved cholesterol
- Pigment Gallstones - These type of gallstones are dark brown or black pigmented stones which is formed from bilirubin.
CAUSES -
- Heredity
- High cholesterol
- Excessive amount of bilirubin in the bile
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS -
- Pain in the right upper part of the abdomen
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Indigestion
- Bleaching
- Bloating
- Jaundice
- Contraceptive pills
COMPLICATIONS –
- Cholecystitis – Inflammation of the gallbladder
- Cholangitis – Hepatic and intrahepatic ducts gets infected
- Gangrene – Inflammation of the cholecytitis prevents the supply of blood to the gallbladder
- Jaundice
- Pancreatitis
- Sepsis
- Fistula- Gallstones erodes the soft wall of the gallbladder and causes fistula
- Cancer
DIAGNOSIS -
- Blood Test
- Urine Test
- Ultrasound
- CT Scan
- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography – Thin flexible tube is inserted inside the patients biliary system to treat problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts.
- Chest X- Ray
TREATMENT -
- Cholecystectomy – Surgery to remove gallbladder
- Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) – Shock waves are given to break gallstones into tiny pieces
- Oral Dilution Therapy
RISK FACTORS –
- Aging
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Consuming high fat food
- Diabetes
- Gradually losing weight
- Medication containing estrogen
- Family history
EPIDEMIOLOGY -
- Annually, it affects 10% to 15% of the adult population worldwide and females are more prone to get affected from this condition.
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